这些诗词，意境绝美，读起来如置身中国水墨画
发布时间：2020-12-10 08:00:58来源：品读诗词歌赋
有些诗，不但情感充沛，
而且将情非常巧妙地寄于山水之间，
造就了极强画面感；
有时候读着读着，
竟产生错觉，
仿佛已身在水墨国画之中。
《寻隐者不遇》唐·贾岛
松下问童子，言师采药去。只在此山中，云深不知处。
“云深不知处”，这个画面简直太美了，这在山中的人，是否以为自己到了云雾缭绕的仙境？
《鸟鸣涧》唐·王维
人闲桂花落，夜静春山空。月出惊山鸟，时鸣春涧中。
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可克莱因瓶克莱因瓶定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－“67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星[67]在太CHAPTERX.TOBACCOOFFERINGS.1808.ItwasabeautifulmoonlighteveninginAugust.Ashadowyhazelingeredovertheriver,whichglistenedandsparkledinthemoonlight.TheChiefandseveralmembersofhisfamilywereseatedonthebeachinfrontoftheWigwamlisteningtotheHonorableJosephPapineau,who,withhisson,LouisJoseph,hadcomeupinacanoetoseethefalls.TheformerhadrecentlypurchasedfromBishopLavaltheunsettledseignioryofPetitNation,andhaderectedanunpretentiouscottage,whichheoccupiedduringthesummermonths.HON.LOUISJOSEPHPAPINEAUANDMADAMEPAPINEAU.FromMorgan's"TypesofCanadianWomen"(copyright,1903),bypermission.HON.LOUISJOSEPHPAPINEAUANDMADAMEPAPINEAU.FromMorgan's"TypesofCanadianWomen"(copyright,1903),bypermission."Itwasalovelyvision,"saidMr.Papineau,whohadjustperformedthefeatofcanoeingtothefootoftheChaudiereFallsforthefirsttime."Onourreturnweclimbedtheruggedcliffonthesouthside,andnevershallIforgetthepanoramathatspreadoutbeforeus.Thesun,sinkingslowlybehindtheLaurentianhills,hadclothedhimselfwitharobeofsplendor.Thelongreflectionslaysoftonthewatersoftheriverbelow.ThecloudsofascendingmistfromtheChaudieretookathousandshadesofcolorasthewesternskyfadedslowlyfromcrimsonintogoldandfromgoldtogreenandgray,andfinallydisplayeddarkshapes,outofwhichimaginationmightwellhaveformedathousandmonsters.**LouisJoseph,afterwardsknownastheDemosthenesofCanada,andwhoalmostsucceededinmakingCanadaaRepublic,withhimselfasPresident,wasevidentlymuchimpressedwiththescene,whichhedescribedasfollows:"Lesoleiletaitpretdecendresousl'horison,lamureilletoutlimpideetaitd'unetransparencevivre,toutpenetreedelumierevaguementprismatiseé.""Aswewatchedthegatheringshadowsmythoughtswentbacktwohundredyears,tothetimewhenChamplainwentonhisfirsttripupthe'RivieredesAlgoumequins,'ashecalledit.AbouttwoyearsbeforehetookthetriphesentNicholasdeVignan,ayoungFrenchman,uptheriverwithsomefriendlyIndians,andNicholashadreturnedwiththemarvellousstorythathehadreachedtheNorthSea.Hesaidthatthejourneycouldbemadeinafewdays.HealsogaveanaccountofhavingseenthewreckofanEnglishship."Champlainwascompletelytakenin,andlostnotimeinstartingofftoverifythediscoveryforwhichtheworldhadbeenlookingforsometime.HisfleetconsistedoftwocanoeswithtwoIndiansandthreeFrenchmen,oneofwhomwasDgemploymenttooveronehundredmen.FortunatelyforthepioneersoftheOttawa,theywerenotdependentuponthesmallrevenuederivedfromthecultivationoftheland,buthadotherresourceswhichaffordedthemmuchgreaterremuneration.TheBritishNavy,whichhithertohadbeendependentuponRussiaforitscordageandlumber,hadtolookelsewhereforitssupplyofhempandtimber,owingtotheportsoftheBaltichavingbeenclosedtoBritishships.Thepriceofhemphavingrisenfrom￡25to￡118perton,theyundertookthecultivationofit,andraisedoverthree-fourthsoftheamountraisedinLowerCanadaatthattime.Theexportationoflumberandvegetablealkali,orpotash,werealsogreatsourcesofrevenue.Inthenewclearancesweretonsofwoodashesfromwhichthelyewasextractedandboiledtillitlookedlikemolteniron,abarrelofwhichsoldatthattimeforthirtydollars.Prosperityandsuccesscrownedeverycommercialenterpriseuponwhichtheyventureduntilfireswepteverymill,factoryanddwellinginthethrivinglittlevillageoutofexistence,includingthousandsofdollarsincashinasmallsafeintheoffice,quantitiesofwheat,hemp,sawnlumber,lathsandgeneralmerchandise.Astherewasnocompensationinthewayofinsurance,thelosswasmuchfelt.PhilemonWrightwasnotthemantobedeterredfromclimbingtheladderofsuccess,eventhoughhehadtomountitbytherungsofadversecircumstances.Thoughthelosssustainedwasgreat,almostoverwhelming,heroseaboveitwithacouragewhichyieldednottodisappointmentorfailure.Thecauseofthefirelongremainedamystery.Thatitwastheworkofanincendiarywasbeyondquestion.Varioustheorieswereadvocatedbythesettlers,butsuspicionresteduponMachecawa,who,itwasalleged,hadbeenseenbythebookkeeperatalatehourlingeringaboutthemills,asuspicionwhichgainednocredencewiththeChiefandhisfamily.阳系的周围还包裹着一个庞大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不计其数的冰块、雪团和碎石。其中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这就是彗[76]在超新星爆发的过程中所释放的能量，需要我们的太阳燃烧900亿年才能与之相当。[77]超新星研究有着关乎人类自身命运的深层意义。如果一颗超新星爆发的位置非常接近地球，目前国际天文学界普遍认为此距离在100光年以内，它就能够对地球的生物圈产生明显的影响，这样的超新星被称为近地超新星。有研究认为，在地球历史上的奥陶纪大灭绝，就是一颗近地超新星引起的，这次灭绝导致当时地球近60%的海洋生物消失。[78]
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可克莱因瓶克莱因瓶定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－克莱因瓶的瓶颈和瓶身是相交的，换句话近代科学兴起的先驱者、是捍卫科学真理并为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为，近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重夸大的。布鲁诺1600年遭受火刑的原因，并非因知行星围绕太阳作圆周运动。然而，人们是否能接受哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的天主教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢？由于害怕教会的惩罚，哥白尼在世时不敢公开他的发现。1543年，这一发现才公诸天下。即使在那个时候，哥白尼的发现还不断受到教会高无上的真理，凡是违背圣经的学说，Eighteenmonthspassed.TheChiefwasinQuebecwithHannahandAbbieawaitingthearrivalofRug,whohadbeensentbyhisfathertotheMotherLandtodisposeoftwocargoesoftimber.ItwasanunusuallycoldeveninginJune.Snowhadbeenfallingallday.Theneighboringhillswerecoveredwithlargefeatherycrystals,which,however,soonmeltedasthesunappearedforamomentbeforesinkingbehindthegraywallsoftheCastleSt.Louis.Justastheeveninggunwasfired,newshadreachedtheunionHotelthatavesselhadbeensightedneartheIslandofOrleans.ItwasascertainedthatitwagainstaseavoyagefromthetimetheyleftLiverpool."Noristhisall,"hesaid;"Ihavesomethingbetterstillonboardforthenewsettlement,namely,twenty-fiveEnglishfamilies,whoaregoingtotakeuplandinthetownshipandpayforitinwork.""Andwhonearlyturnedmutineers,"addedthecaptain,slappinghimontheshoulder,"didtheynot,Wright?""Howwasthat?"askedtheChief."WhenweboardedthevesselatLiverpool,"repliedRug,"somewerebrightandcheerful,butmostofthemwereintears,whichshowedthattheydidnotleavetheOldLandwithoutastruggle.Wesoonweighedanchorandwereundersailwithafairwind,butitcameroundtotheeastandblewfresher,sothatwewereforcedtocometoanchornotfarfromtheplaceweleft.Theship,asyoumaysee,wasfittedupforthetimbertrade,andhasonlyasmallcabinorquarter-deck.Oneachsidearerangedtwotiersofberthsforpassengersprovidingtheirownbedding.Alongtheopenspaceinthemiddleweplacedtworowsoflargechestswhichwereusedsometimesastables,sometimesasseats—allofwhichIshallshowyoupresently.Therewasmuchnoiseandconfusionbeforeallfoundberths;cryingchildren,swearingsailors,scoldingwomen,whohadnotbeenabletosecurethebedstheywanted,producedachorusofaverymelancholynature.Thedisagreeablenessofitwasheightenedbythedarknessofthenightandtherollingandanewandbettercountry."AswenearedthebanksofNewfoundlandamostextraordinaryphenomenonwasproducedbythedashingofthesaltwateragainstthebowoftheshipintheevening.Thewaterseemedonfireandproducedaveryfineeffect.Thenextdayamassoficeappearedabouttwohundredyardsdistant.Itwasalmosthalfamileinlength,andwasmovingsouth-east.SoonafterwefoundthechannelbetweenCapeBretonandCapeRay,andgotintotheice.Thecaptainsenteightmentothebowwithfenders.Onepieceknockedsplintersoffthebowandthrewusalldown.AboutfivedayslaterwereachedtheIslandofAnticosti,butIwastooilltoseeit.Wesawporpoisesinshoalsplungingabouttheship,whilethesailorstriedtoharpoonthembeneaththebow.AbouttwohundredandeightymilesbelowQuebecthepilotcameonboard.Hisnumberwaspaintedinlargecharactersonhissailaswellasonhisboat.Hehadacaskoffreshwaterandsomemaplesugar,whichhesoldatanextortionatepricetothepassengers."NearBicIslandwesawwhalesspoutingwateratagreatheight,andahabitantcameoutinaboatwithalargebasketofeggs,whichhedisposedofatashillingperdozen,andsowecontinuedonuntilthedomesandtowersofQuebeccameinsightandIbegantorealizetheinexpressiblejoyofbeingathomeoncemore."**DiaryofRev.RobertBellandlettersofR.Wright.Rugwasayoungmanofgreatexecutiveability,ayoungmanwhosewordcouldberelieduponwithabsolutecertainty,ayoungmanwhoprovedhimselftheverysoulofhonorinallhisbusinesstransactions.都被斥为“异端邪说”，凡是反对神权统治的人，都被处以火刑。新兴的资产阶级为自己的生存和发展，掀起了一场反对封建制度和教会迷信思想的斗争，出现了人文主义的思潮。他们使用的战斗武器，就是未被神学染污的古希腊的哲学、科学和文艺。这就是震撼欧洲的文艺复兴运动。文艺复兴首先发生于意大利，很快就扩大到波兰及欧洲其他国家。与此同时，商业的活跃也促进了对外贸易的发展。在“黄金”这个符咒的驱使下，许多欧洲冒险者远航非洲、印度及整个远东地区。远洋航行需要丰富的天文和地理知识，从实际中积累起来的观测资料，使人们感到当时流行的“地静天动”的宇宙CHAPTERIV.ANINDIANSUITOR.1803.MachecawaandhisfriendO'JawescawabecamefrequentvisitorsattheWigwam.Theywouldcomeinthemorning,uninvited,andsitsilentlyalldaylongbeforetheopenfireandobserveallthatwasgoingon.Thespinning-wheelandhand-loomwereobjectsofunceasinginteresttothem,andthoughitprovedagreatdistractiontothechildrenintheirstudies,andtothegirlsintheperformanceoftheirdomesticduties,tohavethemthere,theywerealwaystreatednotonlywithrespectbutwithconsiderationandkindness.OnemorningMachecawastoodgazingintentlyintothefire.Hisfaceworeanexpressionofperplexity.AtlengthheturnedtotheWhiteChief,whowasexplainingamathematicalproblemtooneofhisboys,andsaid:"BigInjun,hewanttospeakhisthoughtsfrombooks.Hewanttoknowwhiteman'sManitou.""MayIteachhim,father?Justforanhoureveryday?"saidChrissy,atall,fair,thoughtfulgirlofseventyourneck,Machecawa?"saidBearie,thesecondson,ashort,wellknit,sturdy-lookingyouthofeighteen,whoseeveryexpressionreflectedabright,happy,generousdisposition."SheammyManitou,"repliedtheIndian.&q39;younoeatnoteengseexdays.'ByembyIamdreamsometeeng,me,datsometeengsheammymanitou.Shehelpmekillbeegbear;shemakdemIroquoisdogsrunlikeonewildmoose.Myfaddersheampleese;shemakemymanitouonmyarm—see!"hesaid,rollinguphissleeve.Onhisshoulderwastherudeoutlineofafish,whichhadbeentatooedwithsharpbonesandwiththejuiceofberriesrubbedin."Butwhatisinthelittlebag?"askedBearie."Willyouletmeseeit?"Afteragooddealofreluctancehegaveinatlast,andtwocuriousboysuntiedthepreciousparcel,whiletheothers,equallycurious,lookedoverhisshouldersatafewoldbrokenfishboneswhichwereallthelittlebagcontained."Well,oldman,"saidBearie,slowlyreplacingthesacredrelics,"weputourfaithinsomethingbetterthanthat.ThewhitemantruststheGreatSpiritinheaventocareforhimandtotakehimtoheavenwhenhedies.""Anybearinhebben?"askedtheIndian."No,"saidBearie,"onlygoodpeople.""DathebbensheamnogoodforbigInjun,"saidMachecawa,sadly."Dehappyhuntinggroundsheamfullofmoose,buffalo,bear,beaver.Sheamfar,farawayatdeendofland,wheredesunshesleep—two,treemoonsaway.Onebeegdogsheamcross,an'shebarkatdeadInjun,buthegoon,an'on,an'on,an'denheamglad."Itbegantodawnuponthevigilantmotheratlengththatitwasnotsomuchthewondersofcivilizationnorthedesireto"speakhisthoughtsfrombooks"thatledMachecawadayafterdaytotheWigwam,asanever-increasinginterestinherfun-lovingdaughter,Abbie,whowasayearyoungerthanChrissy,andwhoseemedunconsciousofthefactthattheeyesoftheredchiefwereeveruponher.学说值得怀疑，这就要求人们进一步去探索宇宙的秘密，从而推进了天文学和地理学的发展。1492年，意大利著名的航海家哥伦布发现新大陆，麦哲伦和他的同伴绕地球一周，证明地球是圆形的，使人们开始真正认识地球。[4]对他国的影响在教会严密控制下的中世纪，也发生过轰轰烈烈的宗教革命。因为天主教的很多教义不符合圣经的教诲，而加入了太多教皇的个人意志以及各类神学家的自身成果，所以很多信徒开始质疑天主教的教义和组织，发起回归圣经的行动来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的宗教会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义，这次运动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）反对教会贩卖赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持，波兰也深受影响。
月亮升起时，竟然惊吓到了鸟儿，这么耀眼的月亮，久居城市，已经很久未曾见过了。
《独坐敬亭山》唐·李白
众鸟高飞尽，孤云独去闲。相看两不厌，只有敬亭山。
忙碌的生活，何时才能像一朵浮云，悠闲而去，悠哉而来呢？
《绝句》唐·杜甫
两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天。窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。
若是你早晨打开窗户，一眼望去，白雪覆盖群山，但春意竟然就这么出现了，恐怕也是异常惊喜吧！
《绝句》唐·杜甫
迟日江山丽，春风花草香。泥融飞燕子，沙暖睡鸳鸯。
春天的暖风不知你可还记得，微风拂过脸颊，好像被棉花蹭了一下。
《江雪》唐·柳宗元
千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可克莱因瓶克莱因瓶定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－“67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星[67]在太CHAPTERX.TOBACCOOFFERINGS.1808.ItwasabeautifulmoonlighteveninginAugust.Ashadowyhazelingeredovertheriver,whichglistenedandsparkledinthemoonlight.TheChiefandseveralmembersofhisfamilywereseatedonthebeachinfrontoftheWigwamlisteningtotheHonorableJosephPapineau,who,withhisson,LouisJoseph,hadcomeupinacanoetoseethefalls.TheformerhadrecentlypurchasedfromBishopLavaltheunsettledseignioryofPetitNation,andhaderectedanunpretentiouscottage,whichheoccupiedduringthesummermonths.HON.LOUISJOSEPHPAPINEAUANDMADAMEPAPINEAU.FromMorgan's"TypesofCanadianWomen"(copyright,1903),bypermission.HON.LOUISJOSEPHPAPINEAUANDMADAMEPAPINEAU.FromMorgan's"TypesofCanadianWomen"(copyright,1903),bypermission."Itwasalovelyvision,"saidMr.Papineau,whohadjustperformedthefeatofcanoeingtothefootoftheChaudiereFallsforthefirsttime."Onourreturnweclimbedtheruggedcliffonthesouthside,andnevershallIforgetthepanoramathatspreadoutbeforeus.Thesun,sinkingslowlybehindtheLaurentianhills,hadclothedhimselfwitharobeofsplendor.Thelongreflectionslaysoftonthewatersoftheriverbelow.ThecloudsofascendingmistfromtheChaudieretookathousandshadesofcolorasthewesternskyfadedslowlyfromcrimsonintogoldandfromgoldtogreenandgray,andfinallydisplayeddarkshapes,outofwhichimaginationmightwellhaveformedathousandmonsters.**LouisJoseph,afterwardsknownastheDemosthenesofCanada,andwhoalmostsucceededinmakingCanadaaRepublic,withhimselfasPresident,wasevidentlymuchimpressedwiththescene,whichhedescribedasfollows:"Lesoleiletaitpretdecendresousl'horison,lamureilletoutlimpideetaitd'unetransparencevivre,toutpenetreedelumierevaguementprismatiseé.""Aswewatchedthegatheringshadowsmythoughtswentbacktwohundredyears,tothetimewhenChamplainwentonhisfirsttripupthe'RivieredesAlgoumequins,'ashecalledit.AbouttwoyearsbeforehetookthetriphesentNicholasdeVignan,ayoungFrenchman,uptheriverwithsomefriendlyIndians,andNicholashadreturnedwiththemarvellousstorythathehadreachedtheNorthSea.Hesaidthatthejourneycouldbemadeinafewdays.HealsogaveanaccountofhavingseenthewreckofanEnglishship."Champlainwascompletelytakenin,andlostnotimeinstartingofftoverifythediscoveryforwhichtheworldhadbeenlookingforsometime.HisfleetconsistedoftwocanoeswithtwoIndiansandthreeFrenchmen,oneofwhomwasDgemploymenttooveronehundredmen.FortunatelyforthepioneersoftheOttawa,theywerenotdependentuponthesmallrevenuederivedfromthecultivationoftheland,buthadotherresourceswhichaffordedthemmuchgreaterremuneration.TheBritishNavy,whichhithertohadbeendependentuponRussiaforitscordageandlumber,hadtolookelsewhereforitssupplyofhempandtimber,owingtotheportsoftheBaltichavingbeenclosedtoBritishships.Thepriceofhemphavingrisenfrom￡25to￡118perton,theyundertookthecultivationofit,andraisedoverthree-fourthsoftheamountraisedinLowerCanadaatthattime.Theexportationoflumberandvegetablealkali,orpotash,werealsogreatsourcesofrevenue.Inthenewclearancesweretonsofwoodashesfromwhichthelyewasextractedandboiledtillitlookedlikemolteniron,abarrelofwhichsoldatthattimeforthirtydollars.Prosperityandsuccesscrownedeverycommercialenterpriseuponwhichtheyventureduntilfireswepteverymill,factoryanddwellinginthethrivinglittlevillageoutofexistence,includingthousandsofdollarsincashinasmallsafeintheoffice,quantitiesofwheat,hemp,sawnlumber,lathsandgeneralmerchandise.Astherewasnocompensationinthewayofinsurance,thelosswasmuchfelt.PhilemonWrightwasnotthemantobedeterredfromclimbingtheladderofsuccess,eventhoughhehadtomountitbytherungsofadversecircumstances.Thoughthelosssustainedwasgreat,almostoverwhelming,heroseaboveitwithacouragewhichyieldednottodisappointmentorfailure.Thecauseofthefirelongremainedamystery.Thatitwastheworkofanincendiarywasbeyondquestion.Varioustheorieswereadvocatedbythesettlers,butsuspicionresteduponMachecawa,who,itwasalleged,hadbeenseenbythebookkeeperatalatehourlingeringaboutthemills,asuspicionwhichgainednocredencewiththeChiefandhisfamily.阳系的周围还包裹着一个庞大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不计其数的冰块、雪团和碎石。其中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这就是彗[76]在超新星爆发的过程中所释放的能量，需要我们的太阳燃烧900亿年才能与之相当。[77]超新星研究有着关乎人类自身命运的深层意义。如果一颗超新星爆发的位置非常接近地球，目前国际天文学界普遍认为此距离在100光年以内，它就能够对地球的生物圈产生明显的影响，这样的超新星被称为近地超新星。有研究认为，在地球历史上的奥陶纪大灭绝，就是一颗近地超新星引起的，这次灭绝导致当时地球近60%的海洋生物消失。[78]
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可克莱因瓶克莱因瓶定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－克莱因瓶的瓶颈和瓶身是相交的，换句话近代科学兴起的先驱者、是捍卫科学真理并为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为，近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重夸大的。布鲁诺1600年遭受火刑的原因，并非因知行星围绕太阳作圆周运动。然而，人们是否能接受哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的天主教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢？由于害怕教会的惩罚，哥白尼在世时不敢公开他的发现。1543年，这一发现才公诸天下。即使在那个时候，哥白尼的发现还不断受到教会高无上的真理，凡是违背圣经的学说，Eighteenmonthspassed.TheChiefwasinQuebecwithHannahandAbbieawaitingthearrivalofRug,whohadbeensentbyhisfathertotheMotherLandtodisposeoftwocargoesoftimber.ItwasanunusuallycoldeveninginJune.Snowhadbeenfallingallday.Theneighboringhillswerecoveredwithlargefeatherycrystals,which,however,soonmeltedasthesunappearedforamomentbeforesinkingbehindthegraywallsoftheCastleSt.Louis.Justastheeveninggunwasfired,newshadreachedtheunionHotelthatavesselhadbeensightedneartheIslandofOrleans.ItwasascertainedthatitwagainstaseavoyagefromthetimetheyleftLiverpool."Noristhisall,"hesaid;"Ihavesomethingbetterstillonboardforthenewsettlement,namely,twenty-fiveEnglishfamilies,whoaregoingtotakeuplandinthetownshipandpayforitinwork.""Andwhonearlyturnedmutineers,"addedthecaptain,slappinghimontheshoulder,"didtheynot,Wright?""Howwasthat?"askedtheChief."WhenweboardedthevesselatLiverpool,"repliedRug,"somewerebrightandcheerful,butmostofthemwereintears,whichshowedthattheydidnotleavetheOldLandwithoutastruggle.Wesoonweighedanchorandwereundersailwithafairwind,butitcameroundtotheeastandblewfresher,sothatwewereforcedtocometoanchornotfarfromtheplaceweleft.Theship,asyoumaysee,wasfittedupforthetimbertrade,andhasonlyasmallcabinorquarter-deck.Oneachsidearerangedtwotiersofberthsforpassengersprovidingtheirownbedding.Alongtheopenspaceinthemiddleweplacedtworowsoflargechestswhichwereusedsometimesastables,sometimesasseats—allofwhichIshallshowyoupresently.Therewasmuchnoiseandconfusionbeforeallfoundberths;cryingchildren,swearingsailors,scoldingwomen,whohadnotbeenabletosecurethebedstheywanted,producedachorusofaverymelancholynature.Thedisagreeablenessofitwasheightenedbythedarknessofthenightandtherollingandanewandbettercountry."AswenearedthebanksofNewfoundlandamostextraordinaryphenomenonwasproducedbythedashingofthesaltwateragainstthebowoftheshipintheevening.Thewaterseemedonfireandproducedaveryfineeffect.Thenextdayamassoficeappearedabouttwohundredyardsdistant.Itwasalmosthalfamileinlength,andwasmovingsouth-east.SoonafterwefoundthechannelbetweenCapeBretonandCapeRay,andgotintotheice.Thecaptainsenteightmentothebowwithfenders.Onepieceknockedsplintersoffthebowandthrewusalldown.AboutfivedayslaterwereachedtheIslandofAnticosti,butIwastooilltoseeit.Wesawporpoisesinshoalsplungingabouttheship,whilethesailorstriedtoharpoonthembeneaththebow.AbouttwohundredandeightymilesbelowQuebecthepilotcameonboard.Hisnumberwaspaintedinlargecharactersonhissailaswellasonhisboat.Hehadacaskoffreshwaterandsomemaplesugar,whichhesoldatanextortionatepricetothepassengers."NearBicIslandwesawwhalesspoutingwateratagreatheight,andahabitantcameoutinaboatwithalargebasketofeggs,whichhedisposedofatashillingperdozen,andsowecontinuedonuntilthedomesandtowersofQuebeccameinsightandIbegantorealizetheinexpressiblejoyofbeingathomeoncemore."**DiaryofRev.RobertBellandlettersofR.Wright.Rugwasayoungmanofgreatexecutiveability,ayoungmanwhosewordcouldberelieduponwithabsolutecertainty,ayoungmanwhoprovedhimselftheverysoulofhonorinallhisbusinesstransactions.都被斥为“异端邪说”，凡是反对神权统治的人，都被处以火刑。新兴的资产阶级为自己的生存和发展，掀起了一场反对封建制度和教会迷信思想的斗争，出现了人文主义的思潮。他们使用的战斗武器，就是未被神学染污的古希腊的哲学、科学和文艺。这就是震撼欧洲的文艺复兴运动。文艺复兴首先发生于意大利，很快就扩大到波兰及欧洲其他国家。与此同时，商业的活跃也促进了对外贸易的发展。在“黄金”这个符咒的驱使下，许多欧洲冒险者远航非洲、印度及整个远东地区。远洋航行需要丰富的天文和地理知识，从实际中积累起来的观测资料，使人们感到当时流行的“地静天动”的宇宙CHAPTERIV.ANINDIANSUITOR.1803.MachecawaandhisfriendO'JawescawabecamefrequentvisitorsattheWigwam.Theywouldcomeinthemorning,uninvited,andsitsilentlyalldaylongbeforetheopenfireandobserveallthatwasgoingon.Thespinning-wheelandhand-loomwereobjectsofunceasinginteresttothem,andthoughitprovedagreatdistractiontothechildrenintheirstudies,andtothegirlsintheperformanceoftheirdomesticduties,tohavethemthere,theywerealwaystreatednotonlywithrespectbutwithconsiderationandkindness.OnemorningMachecawastoodgazingintentlyintothefire.Hisfaceworeanexpressionofperplexity.AtlengthheturnedtotheWhiteChief,whowasexplainingamathematicalproblemtooneofhisboys,andsaid:"BigInjun,hewanttospeakhisthoughtsfrombooks.Hewanttoknowwhiteman'sManitou.""MayIteachhim,father?Justforanhoureveryday?"saidChrissy,atall,fair,thoughtfulgirlofseventyourneck,Machecawa?"saidBearie,thesecondson,ashort,wellknit,sturdy-lookingyouthofeighteen,whoseeveryexpressionreflectedabright,happy,generousdisposition."SheammyManitou,"repliedtheIndian.&q39;younoeatnoteengseexdays.'ByembyIamdreamsometeeng,me,datsometeengsheammymanitou.Shehelpmekillbeegbear;shemakdemIroquoisdogsrunlikeonewildmoose.Myfaddersheampleese;shemakemymanitouonmyarm—see!"hesaid,rollinguphissleeve.Onhisshoulderwastherudeoutlineofafish,whichhadbeentatooedwithsharpbonesandwiththejuiceofberriesrubbedin."Butwhatisinthelittlebag?"askedBearie."Willyouletmeseeit?"Afteragooddealofreluctancehegaveinatlast,andtwocuriousboysuntiedthepreciousparcel,whiletheothers,equallycurious,lookedoverhisshouldersatafewoldbrokenfishboneswhichwereallthelittlebagcontained."Well,oldman,"saidBearie,slowlyreplacingthesacredrelics,"weputourfaithinsomethingbetterthanthat.ThewhitemantruststheGreatSpiritinheaventocareforhimandtotakehimtoheavenwhenhedies.""Anybearinhebben?"askedtheIndian."No,"saidBearie,"onlygoodpeople.""DathebbensheamnogoodforbigInjun,"saidMachecawa,sadly."Dehappyhuntinggroundsheamfullofmoose,buffalo,bear,beaver.Sheamfar,farawayatdeendofland,wheredesunshesleep—two,treemoonsaway.Onebeegdogsheamcross,an'shebarkatdeadInjun,buthegoon,an'on,an'on,an'denheamglad."Itbegantodawnuponthevigilantmotheratlengththatitwasnotsomuchthewondersofcivilizationnorthedesireto"speakhisthoughtsfrombooks"thatledMachecawadayafterdaytotheWigwam,asanever-increasinginterestinherfun-lovingdaughter,Abbie,whowasayearyoungerthanChrissy,andwhoseemedunconsciousofthefactthattheeyesoftheredchiefwereeveruponher.学说值得怀疑，这就要求人们进一步去探索宇宙的秘密，从而推进了天文学和地理学的发展。1492年，意大利著名的航海家哥伦布发现新大陆，麦哲伦和他的同伴绕地球一周，证明地球是圆形的，使人们开始真正认识地球。[4]对他国的影响在教会严密控制下的中世纪，也发生过轰轰烈烈的宗教革命。因为天主教的很多教义不符合圣经的教诲，而加入了太多教皇的个人意志以及各类神学家的自身成果，所以很多信徒开始质疑天主教的教义和组织，发起回归圣经的行动来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的宗教会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义，这次运动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）反对教会贩卖赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持，波兰也深受影响。
无人无飞鸟，只有这天地大美，与我无言相伴！
《宿建德江》唐·孟浩然
移舟泊烟渚，日暮客愁新。野旷天低树，江清月近人。
若你在水乡的夜晚，乘着古舟，一定会发觉，月亮就落在水里，陪你滑行......
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唐·刘长卿
日暮苍山远，天寒白屋贫。柴门闻犬吠，风雪夜归人。
在寒冷的冬夜，能有一个温暖的小屋，点亮一盏温馨的小灯，多么美好，舒心！
《夜宿山寺》唐·李白
危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰。不敢高声语，恐惊天上人。
你若是站在摩天高楼，似乎一伸手就能把星辰打落，怕是也会担心，天人会来问责吧！
《登鹳雀楼》唐·王之涣
白日依山尽，黄河入海流。欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
山川大河，如此壮阔，却也激励我们，不断攀登！
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