【提分干货】被动语态:难点突破,一举搞定!
发布时间:2020-09-16 19:22:35来源:优胜教育
英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)
Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
01被动语态的时态构成
一般现在时:am/is/are+done
一般过去时:was/were+done
一般将来时:shall/will+bedone
一般过去将来时:should/would+bedone
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+done
过去进行时:was/were+being+done
现在完成时:have/has+been+done
过去完成时:had+been+done
将来完成时:shall/will+havebeen+done
过去将来完成时:should/would+havebeen+done
[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
02常见的八种时态中的被动语态
1.一般现在时:
Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.
Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.
2.一般过去时:
Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.
Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.
3.一般将来时:
Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.
Carswillbesentabroadbysea.
4.过去将来时:
Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.
Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.
5.现在进行时:
TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.
Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.
6.过去进行时:
Theworkersweremendingtheroad.
Theroadwasbeingmended.
7.现在完成时:
Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.
Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.
8.过去完成时:
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.
03含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.
Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.
04被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.
ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in+名词作状语,而代替by短语。
ThesecarsweremadeinChina.
05语态转换时所注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
❀Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.
❀Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
❀Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.
❀Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.
3.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如:
❀Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.
❀Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.
4.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如:
❀Nobodycananswerthisquestion.
❀Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.
例题:
—Sandywasmadebysomeboys.
—Oh,sorrytohearthat.
A.cry
B.tocry
C.cried
D.tocrying
答案:B
END
编后语:
被动语态强调“宾”,用be加上“过去分”
“be”要随着主语变,人称时态要弄准
“行为对象”作主语,逻辑主语“by”来引
原句若是双宾语,一变“主”来一保“宾”
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